Human Resource Management in its Environment Essay - 2

Human Resource Management in its Environment - Essay Example These are based on opposing views of human nature and managerial control strategies. Employers have been accepting a range of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ people-centered practices associated with human resource management (Cunningham & Hyman, 1999). HRM can thus be interpreted as a ‘soft’, developmental humanist approach or a ‘hard’, situational contingent approach (Kane, Crawford & Grant, 1999). Storey distinguishes between hard and soft forms of HRM, typified by the Michigan and Harvard models respectively (HRM Guide, 1997). The Harvard model of HRM or hard HRM by Beer et al focuses on the resource side of human resources and the control lies in the hands of the management. It is quantitative and costs are calculated in the form of headcount. In this approach, contend Truss et al, the human resource practices and policies are closely related to the strategic objectives of the organization (external fit) but are also coherent among themselves (internal fit). The soft model proposed by the Michigan School is a strategic approach and endorses management’s views (Gill, 1999). The soft HRM thus deals with the ‘human’ aspect of HRM and is concerned with communication and motivation. It deals with the utilization of individual talents and McGregor’s Theory Y perspective on individuals, which means developmental humanism (Truss et al). This is based on the assumption that people should be led rather than managed. This implies that people should be so motivated that commitment springs from within. The behavior becomes self-regulated rather than be controlled or imposed. Hence people do not work under external pressures and there is an environment of mutual trust within the organization. Soft HRM is also associated with goals of flexibility and adaptability where communication plays a great role. The soft version assumes that employees will work best when they are committed to the organization. They would not

Component Based Software Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Component Based Software Engineering - Assignment Example This is because these applications are already deployed originally for an environment or naturally embed assumptions based applications. In addition, the documentation procedure is nil, in these types of assumptions therefore if the component is reclaimed again then it is impossible to carry out test to check whether the assumptions are still valid or not. The implanted environmental assumptions are not invalid if they are reused in a different environment. However, this is possible only if the components are utilized in an operational system (Sommerville 1989). Component Composition The process regarding the Component Composition includes the integration of components with each other and particularly if written â€Å"glue code† in order to generate a system or another component. There are different ways to compose components. The methods include sequential composition, hierarchical composition and additive composition (Sommerville 1989). Sequential Composition Suppose a scena rio in which you are composing two components for instance A and B. Now in order to generate a new component such as Sequential components you generate this by combining the 2 existing components. In other words the sequential component is formed by calling the existing components in sequence (Sommerville 1989). This composition can be addressed as a composition of the â€Å"provides interfaces†.... Therefore, these compositions are used along with the components that include program elements or components that provide services. Hierarchical Composition The hierarchical composition occurs if the one component is called directly on the services offered by another component. These services are actually needed by the calling components. Thus, the â€Å"provide interface† that are offered by the called components must need a compatible â€Å"required interface† of the calling component. Here the component A calls directly the component. If the calling procedure is matched by their provided interfaces than no need of extra code is required for these components (Sommerville 1989). On the other hand, if the â€Å"required interface† between the two components such as A and B occurs than some conversion code is needed to overcome the situation. Moreover, the services do not need any â€Å"required interface† therefore, this type of composition is not utilized during the implementation as a web services. Additive Composition The additive composition happens when two or more components are added together in order to generate a new component that combines with each other functionally. The combination of the parallel interfaces includes the â€Å"provide interface† and the â€Å"required interface†. These interfaces are present in components A and B. However, these components are called separately with the help of their external interface of the composed component. In addition, the components A and B neither depend on each other nor they call each other. (Sommerville 1989) This kind of composition is actually utilized along with the other components that are program units or service components. In fact, all